How wildfire smoke affects air quality and your health

July 17, 2026 - 03:38

As wildfire seasons grow longer and more intense across North America, the smoke they produce is becoming a major public health concern. On Thursday at 9 a.m., MPR News guest host Kelly Gordon will explore how air quality is monitored and forecast, and what the health risks of breathing wildfire smoke really mean for people.

Wildfire smoke contains a complex mixture of gases and fine particles. The smallest of these particles, known as PM2.5, can travel deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. This can trigger a range of health problems, from burning eyes and a scratchy throat to more serious issues like asthma attacks, heart attacks, and strokes. Children, older adults, and people with pre-existing respiratory or heart conditions are especially vulnerable.

Air quality monitoring stations measure the concentration of these particles in the air, using the Air Quality Index, or AQI, to communicate risk levels. When the AQI climbs into the unhealthy range, experts recommend staying indoors, keeping windows closed, using air purifiers, and wearing N95 masks if you must go outside.

Gordon's discussion will also cover how meteorologists track smoke plumes using satellite imagery and computer models to forecast where smoke will drift. As climate change fuels larger and more frequent wildfires, understanding these risks and knowing how to protect yourself is becoming an essential part of staying safe during fire season.